How was money actually invented? Where does it come from? In this first episode of a video lecture, Dirk Bezemer from the University of Groningen presents the origins of money and how it's related to debt. It's a basic historical review and you can get an idea of how money is created and how banks work. The following episodes aim at giving an overview of the last debt crisis. 2013 Level: débutant DEBT episode 1: Debt, a great invention Dirk Bezemer University of Groningen What is money and how does it work? The short film reveals common misunderstandings of where money comes from, explains how money is created by banks and presents consequences of money as credit. The video is part of the campaign positive money, promoting the democratic control over money creation. 2013 Level: débutant What is money?   Positive Money Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes: Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments). Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate. Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement. Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market. Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks. Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back. Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio. 2012 Level: débutant How money gets destroyed - Banking 101 (Part 6 of 6)   Positive Money Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes: Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments). Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate. Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement. Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market. Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks. Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back. Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio. 2012 Level: débutant Misconceptions around Banking - Banking 101 (Part 1 of 6)   Positive Money Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes: Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments). Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate. Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement. Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market. Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks. Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back. Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio. 2012 Level: débutant What's wrong with the money multiplier? - Banking 101 (Part 2 of 6)   Positive Money The video presents different ways of how to measure the money supply and thereby explains the differences between M0, M1 and M2. 2012 Level: débutant Money supply: M0, M1, and M2 | The monetary system   Khan Academy Banking 101 is a series of 6 short videos that ask the following questions: How do banks work and how is money created? Is reveals common misunderstandings of money creation and the role of banks. Furthermore, the videos show how models taught in many introductory classes to economics (Econ 101) do not reflect those processes: Part 1) “Misconceptions around Banking” questions common comprehensions of how banks work (savings = investments). Part 2) “What's wrong with the money multiplier” states that the model of the money multiplies is inaccurate. Part 3) “How is money really made by banks” explains the process of money creation, loans and inter-bank settlement. Part 4) “How much money banks create?” asks what limits the money creation by banks and presents the difference between reserve ratio, liquidity ration, equity and refers to the inter-bank market. Part 5) Explores the question if banks create money or just credit and especially refers to credit risks. Part 6) Explains how money gets destroyed when loans are paid back. Note: The videos refer to the UK monetary and banking system, some explanations don't apply to other banking systems, e.g. the reserve ratio. 2012 Level: débutant How much money can banks create - Banking 101 (Part 4 of 6)   Positive Money The author identifies three principal economic phenomena, which are explained: long run productivity growth as the central driver of increasing economic activity, short-term and long-term debt cycles. The latter two are explained to some detailed with reference to money creation, central banking and long term crisis tendencies. With regards to the long run debt cycle, which leads into deleveraging and recession, some policy measures which can smoothen the crisis are discussed. 2013 Level: débutant How The Economic Machine Works Ray Dalio Bridgewater Associates The page "Positive Money" gathers text and short videos which explain how money is created by banks by giving loans. It furthermore presents the consequences of this process on housing prices, inequality and the environment and its role in the financial crisis. The dossier is provided by the campaign "Positive Money" which aims at a democratic control over money creation. Besides texts by the campaign, the page makes available links to journal and conference articles on the topic. The page focuses on the banking system of the UK. Level: débutant Positive Money   Positive Money This dossier gives an overview of the functions and the nature of money. The concept of Islamic finance is briefly explored, too. 2015 Level: débutant The Nature of Money Lena Rethel I-PEEL John K. Galbraith recounts episodes in the history of money such as the creation of the bank of Amsterdam, John Law's fraudulent Bank Royal, the inception of the Bank of England and of the Federal Reserve to illustrate concepts such as money creation by commercial banks, the bank rate, open market operations or the money supply in general. The emotions, myths and struggles surrounding money are addressed and explained in a clear and consistent manner. 1977 Level: débutant The Age of Uncertainty Episode 6 The Rise and Fall of Money John Kenneth Galbraith BBC, CBC, KCET and OECA In this radio program, the anthropologist David Graeber, explores the history of debt in (currently) 12 episodes. The program is based on his book Debt: The First 5000 Years. First, Graeber asks the questions of how debt and money are characterized, which meaning and roles they had in different historic episodes and how they were interrelated. In the most recent episodes, Graeber elaborates on how debt shaped society. He argues that debt had a different moral status in different times of history, one session analyses the current financial and economic crisis and the role of credit in this historical context. Level: débutant Promises, Promises: A history of debt David Graeber BBC Radio 4 What is money and how is it used? After answering these questions, Dirk Bezemer analyses how finance can be dysfunctional for the real economy. 2016 Level: débutant When is Finance Bloated and Dysfunctional? Dirk Bezemer Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik How has financialisation changed saving What are its implications on a macro economic level and from a welfare state perspective Craig Berry I PEEL 2017 Level: débutant Saving Craig Berry I-PEEL The lectures were given by Steve Keen at the Exploring Economics Summer Academy 2017 in the workshop on Post Keynesian Economics The first lectures start with the role of money in a monetary economy and explain the macroeconomic significance of admitting the reality that banks create money The lectures continue … 2017 Level: expert Exploring Economics 2017 Lectures Steve Keen ProfSteveKeen This lecture by Prof. Dr. Eckhard Hein is part of the Introductory Lectures on Heterodox Economics at the 20th FMM Conference in 2016. It gives a good overview about where Post-Keynesian Economics can be located and what it is all about. 2016 Level: avancé Introduction to Post-Keynesian Economics Eckhard Hein IMK Based on Modern Money Theory (MMT), Stephanie Kelton compares the cryptocurrency to the fiat money system (or simply what we have today). 2017 Level: débutant Cryptocurrency and Fiat Money Stephanie Kelton YouTube This article investigates the set up of the CFA franc zones, its ties to French neocolonialism and its ability to further breed dependency in the former colonies. 2018 Level: débutant The CFA Franc Zones: Neocolonialism and Dependency Mariamawit Tadesse Economic Questions Ce court article présente une approche de la monnaie comme élément actif - et non pas neutre - dans l'économie. Après avoir défendu l'idée que que la monnaie et le système monétaire sont à la fois cause du développement économique et de son effondrement, cet article présente un sept manières alternatives de concevoir cet objet. 2015 Level: débutant Pour la démocratie monétaire André Peters revue-democratie.be Le franc CFA est une monnaie utilisée dans 14 pays d'Afrique sub-saharienne. Créé par la France en 1945, c'est la seule monnaie coloniale encore en circulation dans le monde. Une exception qui a des répercussions bien réelles sur les économies de ces pays africains. Entre limitation des capacités d'investissement et immobilisme des élites, certains économistes et historiens défendent l'idée qu'il est temps de sortir de cette "servitude monétaire". 2016 Level: débutant Franc CFA : une monnaie de plomb Data Gueule, Kako Nubukpo France 4 Cet entretien donne la parole à J.-F. Ponsot et V. Monvoisin, deux des coordinateurs de l'ouvrage "L'économie post-keynésienne. Histoire, théories et politiques" (Seuil, 2018), premier ouvrage de référence sur le post-keynésianisme paru en français. Les interviewés reviennent sur les fondements théoriques du courant du post-keynésianisme et ses apports principaux. Ils proposent ensuite une lecture sous l'angle post-keynésien de la politique monétaire non-conventionnelle de la Banque Centrale Européenne, du concept de revenu universel, de la monnaie européenne, et des politiques économiques françaises et européennes en général. Enfin, ils analysent la difficulté du pluralisme économique dans le champ de la recherche française et reviennent sur les récentes évolutions de l'économie standard, notamment le succès de l'économie expérimentale. Des liens vers des recensions de l'ouvrage sont disponibles sur le site de Médiapart : https://blogs.mediapart.fr/jean-marc-b/blog/010119/l-economie-post-keynesienne-histoire-theories-et-politiques ainsi que sur le site des Economistes Atterrés : http://www.atterres.org/livre/l%C3%A9conomie-post-keyn%C3%A9sienne . 2018 Level: avancé Le post-keynésianisme, un courant encore trop méconnu en France - Entretien avec J.-F. Ponsot et V. Monvoisin Raphaël Merle, Jean-François Ponsot et Virginie Monvoisin Le vent se lève Cet interview donne la parole à Jean-François Ponsot, l'un des coordinateurs de l'ouvrage "L'économie post-keynésienne. Histoire, théories et politiques" (Seuil, 2018), première synthèse française du post-keynésianisme. J.-F. Ponsot revient sur le contenu du chapitre 21 dont il est l'auteur et qui traite du projet de système monétaire international soumis par Keynes après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale pour sortir du chaos provoqué par la crise et la guerre. Après un descriptif des principales caractéristiques de ce projet, qui n'a pas été retenu par la communauté internationale, J.-F. Ponsot présente les avantages qu'il aurait à être appliqué aujourd'hui, mais aussi les difficultés pratiques qui empêchent sa mise en oeuvre dans le contexte monétaire et financier actuel. 2019 Level: avancé Retour sur le projet d'ordre monétaire international de Keynes Thibault Lieurade, Jean-François Ponsot Xerfi Canal Approaching the law of nature that determines all forms of economy. The bulk of economic theory addresses the economic process by setting out on a catalogue of aspects, seeking the laws in the aspects and hoping to get together a reliable view of the whole. 2019 Level: avancé Economic theory, methodology, and secure foundations Dr. Alec A. Schaerer Exploring Economics In this article, Perry Mehrling, a professor of economics at Barnard College, presents and discusses three theories of banking which are guiding bank regulation. These are credit creation theory, fractional reserve theory and debt intermediation theory. 2016 Level: avancé Central Bank theories of Banking and Money Perry Mehrling www.perrymehrling.com Dans cet épisode, nous nous posons la question du rôle de la monnaie dans une économie capitaliste. Pour cela, nous comparons le fonctionnement de deux économies en apparence identique, à ceci près que la première fonctionne sans monnaie, comme une économie de troc, et la seconde est monétaire. Nous nous apercevons alors que le caractère monétaire ou non d’une économie modifie radicalement ses propriétés. La détermination des profits sera ainsi très différente dans ces deux économies, les relations de causalité entre dépôts et crédits, épargne et investissement s’inversent, une crise de surproduction est possible dans un cas mais pas dans l’autre, et le chômage peut également avoir des origines très différentes, et même opposées, selon que l’on considère une économie monétaire ou non. Les propriétés de l’économie de troc recouvrent celles de la théorie économique standard (théorie néoclassique) qui s’est historiquement construite sans prendre en considération la monnaie, celle-ci étant considérée comme neutre sur l’économie. Les propriétés de l’économie monétaire rappellent quant à elles celles des modèles postkeynésiens, bien moins connus, et qui trouvent leurs origines dans les travaux et écrits de Keynes, qui affirmait dans son ouvrage le plus célèbre (la théorie générale de l’emploi de l’intérêt et de la monnaie) que « lorsqu’on s’attaque à la recherche des facteurs qui déterminent les volumes globaux de la production et de l’emploi, la Théorie complète d’une Economie Monétaire devient indispensable » (1936, p. 297). Pour approfondir le fonctionnement d’une économie monétaire, vous pouvez lire le livre de Laurent Cordonnier, maître de conférences à l’Université de Lille, « L’économie des Toambapiks » qui présente à partir d’une « fable » la loi des profits de Kalecki dont nous parlons dans la vidéo. Le livre se lit très facilement. 2019 Level: débutant Monnaie, chômage et capitalisme avec Des économistes et des Hommes Heureka #31 Heu?reka Youtube Prof. Robert Guttmann looks at the current transformation of the international world order through the lenses of global money and finance. 2019 Level: avancé Multipolar Capitalism Robert Guttmann Instituto de Economia da Unicamp Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) is a school of monetary and macroeconomic thought that focuses on the analysis of the monetary and credit system, and in particular on the question of credit creation by the state. 2020 Level: débutant Modern Monetary Theory Nathalie Freitag Exploring Economics Richard Werner touches on a number of topics in this Odd Lots Podcast episode. As one of the pioneers when it comes to money and credit creation, he gives interesting insights into his early research on this topic. He then explains what he calls the “Quantity Theory of Credit” and is an alternative to the "Quantity Theory of Money". 2020 Level: avancé Japanification, Quantitative Easing, money creation and Re-Igniting the U.S. Economy Richard Werner, Joe Weisenthal & Tracy Alloway Odd Lots Podcast In this series of webinars, several researchers face different topics related to Degrowth. Money, health, Green New Deal, Anarchism, and many more. 2020 Level: débutant Degrowth Talks Various UK Degrowth Summer School Dans cette vidéo les intervenants expliquent le système monétaire international actuel et les enjeux de l arrivée des cryptomonnaies dans ce système A travers une analyse historique par Michel Aglietta du système monétaire international puis institutionnaliste par Odile Lakomski Laguerre et enfin plus technique par Nathalie Aufauvre ils mettent en … 2020 Level: avancé Renminbi, Dollar, Libra : la guerre des monnaies Michel Aglietta, Odile Lakomski-Laguerre, Nathalie Aufauvre. Le Printemps de l'économie Au coeur de l instabilité monétaire et financière de nombreux pays l attaque spéculative n en est pas moins un concept obscur pour les néophytes Le CaptainEconomics coutumier de la vulgarisation de concepts obscurs nous prend une nouvelle fois par la main pour et déroule le mécanisme avec précision mais … 2012 Level: débutant Comment une attaque spéculative peut faire s'écrouler un régime de change ? Thomas Renault CaptainEconomics The Money View Symposium was hosted by YSI on 5-7 February, 2021. The Symposium showcased the work of scholars and practitioners that make use of the so-called Money View, ranging from economists to lawyers, politicians and social scientists at large. The symposium aims to illuminate the main tenets of the Money View and to demonstrate its juxtaposition to the mainstream. 2021 Level: avancé Money View Symposium 2021 various Young Scholars Initiative