Robert Costanza briefly present various methods of environmental valuation, and talks about the changes in the global value of ecosystem services. He then introduces the major ecosystem services, and how different methods of valuation affect the preferred policies to address environmental issues. 2014 Level: adelantado Robert Costanza: Ecosystem Service Valuation Robert Costanza ELD (the economics of land degradation) Deforestation is estimated to be responsible for about 12-29% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This essay will explore ecological economics as an alternative lens through which to approach forest conservation and the acceleration of climate change. 2018 Level: debutante Ecological Economics: A Solution to Deforestation? Maike Pfeiffer Pluralist Economics Fellowship Steven G. Medema is a Research Professor at Duke University. His research focuses on the History of Economic Thought, having published extensively on the issue of social costs of production (conceptualized as externalities in neoclassical economics). In this recorded seminar, he exposes his working paper on the history of the concept of externalities in economic literature, starting from Pigou’s “The Economics of Welfare” (1920), where Pigou makes the case for governmental intervention in the market where there is a divergence between private and social costs or benefits of a productive activity. T 2017 Level: adelantado 'Exceptional and Unimportant'? The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Externalities in Economic Analysis Steven G. Medema Ceteris Never Paribus: The History of Economic Thought Podcast Karl William Kapp (1910-1976) was one of the forefathers of Ecological Economics. Influenced namely by the Frankfurt School, Institutionalist Economics and Pragmatist Philosophy, he contributed to debates on the social costs of production, economic planning, sustainable development and epistemology. I 2000 Level: adelantado The Social Costs of Business Enterprise Karl William Kapp Spokesman Use economic models to learn how prices and markets benefit society in the face of scarcity and then apply those models to analyze policy Jonathan Gruber edX Massachusetts Institute of Technology Level: adelantado Microeconomics Jonathan Gruber Massachusetts Institute of Technology