1669 Ergebnisse
In den vergangen Jahren gab es in der Öffentlichkeit aber auch innerhalb der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinde zunehmend Kritik an der Einseitigkeit der derzeitig gelehrten Volkswirtschaftslehre. Vor diesem Hintergrund initiierte das Netzwerk Plurale Ökonomik ein Kooperationsprojekt mit der Universität Kassel, um diese Kritik empirisch zu überprüfen. Das Projekt wurde von der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung gefördert. Die Ergebnisse dieses zweijährigen Forschungsprojektes liegen nun vor.
Die Studie EconPLUS. Zur Pluralität der volkswirtschaftlichen Lehre in Deutschland
Die Ergebnisse der Befragung belegen, dass die Lehrenden von einer Hierarchisierung der in der ökonomischen Analyse auftauchenden Begriffe ausgehen; die hauptsächlich für relevant gehaltenen Begriffe offenbaren hierbei eine spezielle konzeptionelle Sichtweise (Identifikation eines „mainstream“). Laut den Befragten ist der Mainstream durch Konzepte und Methoden gekennzeichnet, die sich im Gedankengerüst der neoklassischen Denkschule bewegen. Als relevantestes Merkmal des Mainstreams beschreiben die Befragten das Akteurskonzept des Homo oeconomicus sowie die Kategorien Rationalität, Gleichgewicht, Maximierung und Effizienz.
Offene Ohren, gebundene Hände? Ergebnisse der Befragung der Lehrenden - EconPLUS
In seinem Vortrag erläutert Helge Peukert wie die neoklassische Denkschule und Wirtschaftspolitik zu der internationalen Finanz- und Schuldenkrise der letzten Jahre geführt hat. Hierbei übt Peukert besonders Kritik am bestehenden Banken - und Finanzsystem. Er zeigt auf welche Gefahren und Antriebsfaktoren solch ein System bergen kann.
Die Finanz- und Staatsschuldenkrise
This multimedia dossier is part of the series „Understanding Finance“ by Finance Watch. The dossier focuses on universal banks – banks that pursue commercial and investment banking and points out several problems of those megabanks, especially in the context of the financial crisis (too big to fail).
Splitting megabanks?
The Heterodox Economics Directory provides a broad variety of links to heterodox journals, books, conferences, study programs, teaching materials and blogs. Some categories are subdivided by schools of thoughts - it's a valuable source for heterodox material on the internet.
Heterodox Economics Directory
Das VWL-Basiswissen bietet Lerneinheiten zu Grundbegriffen und Denkrichtungen der Volkswirtschaftslehre an. Neben Einheiten zum BIP, Zahlungsbilanzen, Inflation, Wechelkursen gibt es Module zur Messung sozio-ökonomische Ungleichheiten und einer interdisziplinären Betrachtung auf Entwicklung. Im Theoriebereich liegt ein Fokus auf Globaler Ökonomie und Entwicklungstheorie, u.a. werden die Welt-System Theorie und postkoloniale Ansätue vorgestellt.
VWL Basiswissen für Nicht-Ökonom_innen
Founded in 1968, The Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE) is an interdisciplinary membership organization of academics and of activists. Its mission is to promote the study, development and application of radical political economic analysis to social problems. Concretely, this involves a continuing critique of both the capitalist system, and of all forms of exploitation and oppression. URPE’s mission also includes, coming out of this critique, helping to construct a progressive social policy, and a human-centered radical alternative to capitalism.
Union for Radical Political Economics
Für einen großen Teil der Befragten sind die vorherrschenden Lehrbücher weitgehend hinreichend in Bezug auf die Wiedergabe des Stands der Forschung, der Vermittlung von in der Wirtschaft zu beobachtenden Problemen und in Bezug auf die Vermittlung von pluralen Ansätzen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass sich die grundsätzliche Kritik an den Lehrinhalten bis dato kaum zu einer Kritik an den einschlägigen Lehrbüchern weiterentwickelt hat (vgl. Urban/Van Treek 2016).
Selbstbeschränkung durch einseitige Vorgaben Ergebnisse der Analyse der Lehrinhalte - Studie EconPLUS
Die Studie basiert auf einer Online-Umfrage unter 448 Promovierenden im Fach Volkswirtschaftslehre (VWL) an Universitäten und Graduiertenschulen im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Neues ökonomisches Denken in der Doktorandenausbildung
Diese Studie widmet sich dem Zustand des Studiums der Volkswirtschaftslehre (VWL) aus der Perspektive seiner Studierenden.
„Ohne Effizienz geht es nicht“ - Ergebnisse einer qualitativ-empirischen Erhebung unter Studierenden der Volkswirtschaftslehre
The page "Positive Money" gathers text and short videos which explain how money is created by banks by giving loans. It furthermore presents the consequences of this process on housing prices, inequality and the environment and its role in the financial crisis. The dossier is provided by the campaign "Positive Money" which aims at a democratic control over money creation. Besides texts by the campaign, the page makes available links to journal and conference articles on the topic. The page focuses on the banking system of the UK.
Positive Money
The podcast exposes the concept and principles of co-operatives and the three main types of co-operatives: the consumer, credit and farmers buying and selling co-operatives. Furthermore, the history of the co-operative movement is presented. The authors draw the line from co-operatives to "degrowth" by arguing that these organisations discourage profit maximisation due to their ownership structure, their social purpose and their primacy of people over capital. The value of the members' co-operative share does not increase with the growth of a co-operative and it can not be used for speculation. Finally, the authors give examples for current co-operatives which empower (local) communities fostering social justice and environmentalism.
Co-operatives
First the emergence of the Austrian school is described regarding the historical context and other schools of thought that were presence at its inception. Emphasis is given to the methodological differences and disputes that members of the Austrian schools had with representatives of the German historical school. Then some defining theoretical and methodological features of the Austrian school are explained. Later, Friedrun Quaas gives an overview of the different generations of scholars associated with the school and their theories, research questions and concepts. Against the background of this knowledge the question as to whether the question as to whether the Austrian school is sufficiently homogenous to denote a consistent paradigm is discussed. At the end, some general, philosophy of science oriented, questions concerning pluralism in the social sciences are posed.
Österreichische Schule - Prof.Friedrun Quaas @FU-Berlin
Durch das Internet und die Digitalisierung haben sich Angebot, Beschaffung und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von schulischen Lehr- und Lernmitteln erheblich gewandelt. Dieser Wandel betrifft sowohl formelle als auch inhaltliche Aspekte. Er ist auch und gerade im Bereich der sozialwissenschaftlichen Bildung vordringlich, da diese seit jeher ein ideologisch umkämpftes Feld darstellt.
Ein offenes Lehr- und Lernmittel für das Inhaltsfeld Wirtschaftspolitik
In this TedTalk Dan O Neil explains why GDP and infinite growth are concepts that we should leave behind and which other perspectives have been developed Degrowth post growth well being or steady state economy The goal is to rethink a new paradigm that puts society and the environment at …
The Economics of Enough
How do people make decisions? There is a class of models in psychology which seek to answer this question but have received scant attention in economics despite some clear empirical successes. In a previous post I discussed one of these, Decision by Sampling, and this post will look at another: the so-called Fast and Frugal heuristics pioneered by the German psychologist Gerd Gigerenzer. Here the individual seeks out sufficient information to make a reasonable decision. They are ‘fast’ because they do not require massive computational effort to make a decision so can be done in seconds, and they are ‘frugal’ because they use as little information as possible to make the decision effectively.
Bounded Rationality: the Case of ‘Fast and Frugal’ Heuristics
The dossier first discusses the impact of colonialism on introducing foreign plants and thus disrupting ecosystems. Subsequently the case of the knotweed, a plant introduced from Japan to the UK and now considered a threat to biodiversity is explored. The complex economy built around the plant consisting of regulations, pesticides, experts, and landowners is then explored.
Knotweed – I-PEEL.org
John K. Galbraith recounts episodes in the history of money such as the creation of the bank of Amsterdam, John Law's fraudulent Bank Royal, the inception of the Bank of England and of the Federal Reserve to illustrate concepts such as money creation by commercial banks, the bank rate, open market operations or the money supply in general. The emotions, myths and struggles surrounding money are addressed and explained in a clear and consistent manner.
The Age of Uncertainty Episode 6 The Rise and Fall of Money
The dossier explores the nature of care work and the gendered constructions and dichotomies that are associated with it. Drawing from feminist analysis the double burden, the undervaluation of feminised labour, the commodification of affective labour and the remittance economy are inquired into. Moreover, it is discussed how welfare regimes rely on the different organization of care work.
Care – I-PEEL.org
Eckhard Hein criticises the mainstream's view of secular stagnation as the result of a negative real equilibrium interest rate. Arguing in a Keynesian spirit with particular reference to Steindl, secular stagnation is considered to be a result of shift in the functional income distribution, and oligopolistic organisation of industries, leading to excess capacity and reluctance to invest. This acts as a drag on effective demand and results in secular stagnation. Distributional policies and public investment can, however, overcome stagnation its tendencies.
Secular Stagnation or stagnation policy? Steindl after Summers
Özlem Onaran analyses the current problems of secular stagnation from a global perspective. At the core of global economic problems is insufficient demand caused by falling wage shares, because most individual countries, and the world as a whole are “wage-led”. Hence a strategy for global growth is to aim at increasing wages and thus the wage share, and the abandonment of policies focusing purely on national competitiveness. Financialization has broken the link between corporate profitability and investment. Reregulation of finance and higher public investment is required in order to crowd in private investment, in this way, reversing the declining trend of potential output growth.
Current Problems of Secular Stagnation from a Global Perspective
Michael Kalecki famously remarked “I have found out what economics is; it is the science of confusing stocks with flows”. Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) models were developed precisely to address this kind of confusion. The basic intuition of SFC models is that the economy is built up as a set of intersecting balance sheets, where transactions between entities are called flows and the value of the assets/liabilities they hold are called stocks. Wages are a flow; bank deposits are a stock, and confusing the two directly is a category error. In this edition of the pluralist showcase I will first describe the logic of SFC models – which is worth exploring in depth – before discussing empirical calibration and applications of the models. Warning that there is a little more maths in this post than usual (i.e. some), but you should be able to skip those parts and still easily get the picture.
Stock Flow Consistent Macroeconomics
Mark Blyth criticises the political inability to solve the persistent economic crisis in Europe against the background of a deflationary environment. Ideological blockades and impotent institutions are the mutually reinforcing causes of European stagnation. The deeper roots lie in the structural change of the economic system since the 1980s, when neoliberalism emerged as hegemonic ideology. This ideology prepared the ground for austerity and resulting deflationary pressures and a strategy of all seeking to export their way out of trouble. Worryingly this is breeding populist and nationalist resentments in Europe.
Policies to avert stagnation: The Crisis and the Future(s) of the Euro
Irene van Staveren, professor of pluralist development economics, presents her pluralist teaching method for the introductory level. Based on her textbook “Economics After the Crisis: An Introduction to Economics from a Pluralist and Global Perspective” she suggests to focus on real-world problems and pari passu apply economic theories such as Social economics, Institutional economics, Post-Keynesian economics as well as Neoclassical economics without wasting time to single out the latter. Besides pointing out advantages of such a pluralist method Irene illustrates her approach based on interesting topics such as growth or feminist economics.
Beyond stimulus versus Austerity: Pluralist capacity building in Macroeconomics
This video animates part of the talk “On Economics” by Ha-Joon Chang in which he states that economics is not a science for experts but for everyone. Chang further argues why it is important to take into account different perspectives on economics – he identifies at least nine school of thoughts which all have their strengths and weaknesses and presents examples on free trade and well-being. Chang further elaborates on the difficulties of changing the economic status quo.
Economics Is For Everyone!
How did economic growth become paramount as the public policy objective? Peter Victor discusses the role of growth within institutions, asks if it is possible to imagine a degrowth economy and discusses the role of grass-root movements.
Ecological Economics
Environmental catastrophe looms large over politics: from the young person’s climate march to Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s Green New Deal, increasing amounts of political space are devoted to the issue. Central to this debate is the question of whether economic growth inevitably leads to environmental issues such as depleted finite resources and increased waste, disruption of natural cycles and ecosystems, and of course climate change. Growth is the focal point of the de-growth and zero-growth movements who charge that despite efficiency gains, increased GDP always results in increased use of energy and emissions. On the other side of the debate, advocates of continued growth (largely mainstream economists) believe that technological progress and policies can ‘decouple’ growth from emissions.
To Grow or Not to Grow?
One method of economic modelling that has become increasingly popular in academia, government and the private sector is Agent Based Models, or ABM. These simulate the actions and interactions of thousands or even millions of people to try to understand the economy – for this reason ABM was once described to me as being “like Sim City without the graphics”. One advantage of ABM is that it is flexible, since you can choose how many agents there are (an agent just means some kind of 'economic decision maker' like a firm, consumer, worker or government); how they behave (do they use complicated or simple rules to make decisions?); as well as the environment they act in, then just run the simulation and see what happens as they interact over time.
Agents, agents everywhere
In this radio program, the anthropologist David Graeber, explores the history of debt in (currently) 12 episodes. The program is based on his book Debt: The First 5000 Years. First, Graeber asks the questions of how debt and money are characterized, which meaning and roles they had in different historic episodes and how they were interrelated. In the most recent episodes, Graeber elaborates on how debt shaped society. He argues that debt had a different moral status in different times of history, one session analyses the current financial and economic crisis and the role of credit in this historical context.
Promises, Promises: A history of debt
The Sufficiency Policy Map is an online tool for initiatives, political actors, organisations and individuals. It provides recommendations, strategies and communication tools for realizing projects and policy around the topic sufficiency. Sufficiency projects have the aim to reduce one's own ecological footprint.
Sufficiency Politics Map
Die Vorlesung beginnt mit einer kurzen Übersicht zur Kritik an der Mainstream Ökonomik. Dabei wird Konzept der unsichtbaren Hand in den historischen Kontext gesetzt und einige der Annahmen und Inkonsistenzen der allgemeinen Gleichgewichtstheorie dargestellt. Der Hauptteil der Vorlesung beschäftigt sich mit Kooperations und Anti-Kooperationsspielen. Im Besonderen wird auf die Bedeutung bzw. die Möglichkeit von Rationalität in den Spielen eingegangen. Die betrachteten Spiele sind das Gefangenendilemma, Stag Hunt, Chicken, Battle of the sexes, und Taube/Falke. In der Diskussion der evolutionären Spieltheorie wird besonderes Augenmerk auf die Auswirkungen Häufigkeit eines Akteurs in einer Population gelegt. Die Vorlesung endet mit einem kurzen Exkurs zu den Eigenschaften von verschiedenen komplexen Systemen, u.a. power law Verteilungen.
Rationalität(en), echte Unsicherheit, und Evolution komplexer ökonomischer Systeme
With this calculator you can assess the ecological backpack of your lifestyle. The ecological backpack visualizes the weight of all natural raw materials that are needed for our private consumption behavior. This includes all products and their production, use, and disposal.
My Ecological Backpack
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